Study on the association between sleep deficiency and myopia in children and adolescents / 中国学校卫生

Abstract@#In recent years, the overall prevalence of myopia has been increasing in China, towards younger age at onset and greater severity. Studies have shown that the occurrence and progression of myopia are affected by environmental and behavioral factors, e.g. prolonged near concentration and lack of outdoor activities. In recent years, studies on the association between insufficient sleep and myopia have increased. Domestic and foreign studies have found that there is a positive correlation between insufficient sleep and the occurrence of myopia in children and adolescents, but the results are not uniform. Therefore, this paper reviews the epidemiology and possible mechanism of sleep deprivation and myopia in children and adolescents, in order to provide theoretical basis for sleep improvement and myopia prevention in children and adolescents.

Association between childhood neglect and the autonomic nerves disorder in students of sixth graders / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore prevalence of childhood neglect and autonomic nervous function, and its association in sixth graders students in Harbin, and to provide clues to improve physical and mental health of children and adolescents.@*Methods@#Cluster sampling method was used to select 1 259 students from grade 6 in 5 schools in two districts of Harbin, and Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF) and TOHO University Medical Index (TMI) were filled in.@*Results@#The total rate of childhood neglect was 45.7%, of which the rate of emotional neglect and physical neglect were 18.8%, 40.8%. The rate of autonomic nerves disorder was 47.2%. The rate of autonomic nerves disorder in students suffered from neglect, emotional neglect, physical neglect are higher than those without any of neglect(χ2=50.52, 32.02, 43.61, P<0.01), and with the increase of the degree of neglect, the rate of autonomic nervous disorder were gradually increasing(χ2=47.99, 47.07, 49.24, P<0.01). After controlled for gender, neglect, emotional neglect, physical neglect were positively associated with autonomic nerves disorder(OR=1.53-2.34, P<0.05), and the odd ratio for autonomic nerves disorder among those with mild-to-moderate,moderate-to-severe and extremely servere neglect was 1.37, 1.83, 5.10 compared to those with none or mild neglect.@*Conclusion@#Childhood neglect is closely related to adolescent the autonomic nerves disorder in sixth graders students in Harbin. Moreover, the more serious the childhood neglect is, the higher the detection rate of autonomic nerves disorder is. In order to improve the physical and mental health of children and adolescents, it is necessary to pay attention to childhood neglect and early assessment of their autonomic function.

Analysis of correlation between childhood abuse and adolescent psychological capital / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To understand current situation and relations of childhood abuse and psychological capital, providing scientific basis for adolescent mental health promotion.@*Methods@#Stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 1 894 students from junior high schools and senior high schools in Harbin. Questionnaire survey was conducted by using Childhood Trauma QuestionnaireShort Form (CTQ-SF) and Positive Psychological Capital (PPQ).@*Results@#The total rate of childhood abuse among adolescents in the region was 98.3%. In addition to emotional abuse, scores of other dimensions of childhood abuse were higher for boys than for girls(P<0.01). Childhood abuse in rural area was higher than those in urban area except physical abuse(P<0.05). High psychological capital was observed among participants with boys higher in selfefficacy and resilience than that of girls(P<0.05). Psychological capital in urban students was higher than rural students(P<0.05). Except for the negative correlation between sexual abuse and resilience, all other dimensions of childhood abuse were negatively correlated with four dimensions of psychological capital. Stepwise regression analysis showed that emotional abuse, emotional neglect and physical neglect was negatively correlated with all dimensions of psychological capital(P<0.01); Sexual abuse showed negative association with selfefficacy and optimism(P<0.01).@*Conclusion@#Childhood abuse is closely related to psychological capital among adolescents in Harbin, suggesting exposure to childhood abuse might confer detrimental effects on psychological capital development.

Placement of a Jejunal Feeding Tube via an Ultrasound-Guided Antral Progressive Water Injection Method / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>Background</b>Jejunal feeding tube allows the nutrition of critical care patients more easy and safe. However, its placement remains a challenge. This study aimed to introduce a jejunal feeding tube through an ultrasound-guided antral progressive water injection method and subsequently to examine its efficacy.</p><p><b>Methods</b>Between April 2016 and April 2017, 54 patients hospitalized in the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, China who needed nutritional support through a jejunal feeding tube were recruited for this study. Patients who applied ultrasound-guided antral progressive water injection method were classified into the experimental group. Patients who applied conventional method were registered as control group.</p><p><b>Results</b>No significant differences were found in age, body mass index, and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation score, but a significant difference in operation time was found between the experimental group and the control group. Of the 24 individuals in the control group, 17 displayed clear catheter sound shadows once the tube entered the esophagus. In comparison, of the 30 individuals in the experimental group, all harbored catheter sound shadows through the esophageal gas injection method. Subsequent observation revealed that in the control group (via ultrasonographic observation), 15 individuals underwent successful antral tube entry, for a success rate of 63%. In the experimental group (via antral progressive water injection), 27 individuals underwent successful antral tube entry, for a success rate of 90%. There was a significant difference between the success rates of the two groups (χ = 5.834, P = 0.022).</p><p><b>Conclusion</b>The antral progressive water injection method for the placement of a jejunal feeding tube is more effective than the traditional ultrasonic placement method.</p>

Antimicrobial resistance profile and fluoroquinolone resistance genes in Nocardia / 中国感染与化疗杂志

Objective To investigate the species, antimicrobial resistance, and fluoroquinolone resistance gene profiles of Nocardia in the General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University. Methods Nocardia isolates were collected in the General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University during the period from January 2013 to June 2017. Broth dilution method was used to determine the susceptibility of the Nocardia strains to 15 antibiotics. Fluoroquinolone resistance genes gyrA, parC, qnrA, qnrB and qnrS were detected by polymerase chain reaction. Results A total of 16 isolates of Nocardia were collected, including Nocardia cyriacigeorgica (62.6％, 10/16), Nocardia farcinica (18.7％, 3/16), and Nocardia otitidiscaviarum (18.7％, 3/16). Most Nocardia isolates (81.2％, 13/16) were resistant to ciprofloxacin. About 12.5％, 12.5％, 25.0％ and 18.7％ of the strains were resistant to ceftriaxone, tobramycin, gentamicin and cefepime. Overall, gyrA, parC, qnrA and qnrB were identified in 18.8％, 37.5％, 25.0％ and 18.7％ of the Nocardia strains. The qnrS gene was not found in any strain. Conclusions The most frequently Nocardia species in the hospital was Nocardia cyriacigeorgica. Fluoroquinolone resistance is serious in the Nocardia isolates.Fluoroquinolone resistance of Nocardia is likely associated with gyrA, parC, qnrA, and qnrB genes. We should pay close attention to the emergence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Nocardia infection.

MicroRNA alteration associated with prostate cancer LNCaP cell progression to androgen-independence / 第二军医大学学报

Objective To compare profiles of microRNA between the LNCaP and LNCaP-AI cell lines, so as to futher elucidate the post-transcritional mechanism regulating the progression to androgen-independence. Methods The microRNA profiles of LNCaP and LNCaP-AI cell lines were examined by Agilent's microassay. The expression of six microRNAs was verified by RT-PCR. The functions of differentially expressed microRNAs were eludicated by a search with miRBase software (http://www.mirbase.org/). Results The Aglint's microRNA microassay showed that 11 microRNAs were up-regulated and 27 were down-regulated during the LNCaP progression to androgen-independence. RT-PCR results were consistent with those of the Agilent's microassay chips. By searching the targets of microRNAs in the miRBase software, we found that the differentically expressed microRNAs were mainly involved in regulation of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), Bcl-2, and epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) and genes mediating androgen metabolism. Conclusion There is alteration of microRNA during the progression of LNCaP to androgen-independence, which may involve androgen receptor related pathway, metalloenzyme, anti-apoptotic gene and genes related to androgen metabolism.

Retroperitoneal laparoscopic partial nephrectomy combined with auxiliary small-incision and real-time B ultrasonic imaging in treatment of central renal cell carcinoma: A report of 12 cases / 第二军医大学学报

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficiency of retroperitoneal laparoscopic partial nephrectomy combinedwith auxiliary small-incision and real-time B ultrasonic imaging in treatment of central renal cell carcinoma and to summarize the surgical experience. Methods The clinical data of 12 patients (9 males and 3 females) with central renal cell carcinoma, who were treated from Aug. 2010 to Mar. 2012, were retrospectively analyzed. The patients had a mean age of (56.2±2.8) years old and a mean tumor diameter of (2.2±1.4) cm. The patients underwent preoperative ultrasonograpy, CT, MRI or CT angiography. The renal artery, renal vein and kidney were separated under general anesthesia. A small incision was made between A(posterior axillary line) and B(anterior axillary line) Trocar. The tumor location and the operative margin were determined by auxiliary real-time B ultrasound placed on the kidney surface via the incision. Ice slush was scattered around the kidney and nephron-sparing operation was done after blocking renal artery. Results All the 12 cases were operated successfully and the renal tumors were removed completely, with the mean operation time being (124.5±5.8) min, mean warm ischemia time (WIT) being (26.3±8.6) min, mean blood loss being (65.8±21.6) mL, mean incision length being (8.8±2.4) cm, and mean postoperative hospital stay being (12.4±2.6) d. All the patients had a negative surgical margin and there were no severe perioperative complications. All the patients had normal renal function and had no tumor recurrence or metastasis during a mean follow-up of (13.6±7.4) months. Conclusion Retroperitoneal laparoscopic partial nephrectomy combined with auxiliary small- incision and real-time B ultrasonic imaging is safe and effective for treatment of patients with central renal cell carcinoma, with less trauma, less blood loss, shorter WIT, and faster recovery, and it has a promising clinical future.

Influence of hepatocyte cell adhesion molecule on gene expression profile of human bladder transitional cell carcinoma cell line / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the changes of gene expression file in transitional cell carcinoma of bladder after hepatocyte cell adhesion molecule(hepaCAM) overexpression.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Affymetrix Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Array was used to investigate the changes of gene expression profile between adenovirus-green fluorescent protein(GFP) -hepaCAM group and GFP group in transitional cell carcinoma of bladder EJ cells.Significant Analysis of Microarray(SAM) was used to screen the differentially expressed genes, DAVID software was used to conduct gene ontology analysis and wikiPathway analysis based on the differentially expressed genes. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot were applied to verify microarray data.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the GFP group, a total of 2469 genes were up-regulated or down-regulated by more than 2 times in the GFP-hepaCAM group. Among these genes, 1602 genes were up-regulated and 867 were down-regulated.Most of the differentially expressed genes were involved in the function of cell proliferation and cell cycle regulation. The mRNA expressions of nibrin, liver kinase B1, and cyclin D1 detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in three different bladder cancer cell lines were consistent with the microarray data.The protein expressions of nibrin and liver kinase B1 in these three cell lines measured by Western blot were consistent with the mRNA expression.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>HepaCAM can alter the gene expression profile of bladder cancer EJ cells. The well-known anti-tumor effect of hepaCAM may be mediated by regulating the gene expression via multiple pathways.</p>

Efficacy and safety of sublingual immunotherapy with house dust mite extract in poly allergen sensitized children with allergic rhinitis / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the efficacy of sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) with standardized house dust mite extract in mono sensitized and polysensitized children with allergic rhinitis.@*METHOD@#One hundred and fifty-seven children who were sensitized to house dust mites and treated with SLIT for house dust mites for at least 1 year were studied. The monoallergen sensitized group included patients who were sensitized to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and/or Dermatophagoides farinae (n=92). The polyallergen sensitized group included patients who were simultaneously sensitized to house dust mites and other allergens (n = 65). A standardized extract of house dust mites was used for immunotherapy. Antiallergic medication and the total nasal symptom score (TNSS) were evaluated before and 1 year after SLIT.@*RESULT@#One hundred and twenty-five children completed 1-year SLIT. The TNSS improved significantly after SLIT in both groups, with monoallergen sensitized group 11.42 +/- 1.60 vs 3.55 +/- 1.57 (t=30.03, P0.05). The AMSs were decreased significantly after SLIT in both groups, with monoallergen sensitized group 1.62 +/- 0.44 vs 0.56 +/- 0.37 (t=15.01, P0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#In polysensitized allergic rhinitis patients, SLIT for D pteronyssinus and/or D farinae produced improvements in both nasal symptoms and rescue medication scores comparable to those in mono sensitized patients. SLIT for D pteronyssinus and/or D farinae should be considered in polysensitized allergic rhinitis patients.

Analysis of inhaled allergen spectrum of children with allergic rhinitis in Guangzhou / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the inhaled allergen distribution of children with allergic rhinitis in Guangzhou area and to analyze the relevant factors.@*METHOD@#Six hundred and twenty-six cases children in Guangzhou region diagnosed with allergic rhinitis from January 2009 to December 2011 in our outpatient department were tested with skin prick test (SPT). Ten of standardized common inhaled allergens were analysed. The variety of allergens positive rate was calculated. And the gender, age, living environment,history of asthma, eczema, history and family history of clinical data were analyzed.@*RESULT@#The positive rate of SPT was 84.82% (531/626). The dust mites(76.36%) and the house dust mite(72.84%) have the highest positive rate, then the positive rate of the dog hair (11.98%), cat hair (7.03%) and Blattella germanica (4.31%) was degressively. The positive rate was significantly correlated with family history, history of eczema and asthma. The positive rate was correlated with the gender, independent of the living environment. The intensity of the test has no significant correlation with gender, and was significantly correlated with other factors. The positive rate of SPT has significant difference in ages and the highest positive rate of SPT was in the 10-14 age group, the SPT rate was 93.8%. Three groups have significant differences in the positive rate of mite, dog hair and cat hair.@*CONCLUSION@#The main inhaled allergen in children with allergic rhinitis in Guangzhou area tested by SPT was mite, dog hair and cat hair, respectively. The different ages, living environment, family history, history of eczema and allergic rhinitis children with asthma were related with the pathogenesis and development of AR in childhood. Our results have the contribution to early diagnosis and intervention of children with allergic rhinitis in Guangzhou area.

Effects of astragali radix extract on matrix metalloproteinase 9 expression and atherosclerotic plaque formation in aorta of apolipoprotein E deficient mice fed with high fat diet / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the effects of astragali radix extract on the expressions of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) and the formation of atherosclerotic plaque in aortic atherosclerotic plaques of apolipoprotein E-deficient mice (ApoE-/-).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Male 8-week-old ApoE-/- mice fed with high fat diet were randomly divided into four groups (n=12 each): control group (saline 0.2 ml/d), atorvastatin group (atorvastatin 10 mg×kg(-1)×d(-1)), low-dose astragali radix extract group (1.25 g×kg(-1)×d(-1)) and high-dose astragali radix extract group (5 g×kg(-1)×d(-1)). After 12 weeks, serum oxLDL was measured by the method of ELISA. The formation of atherosclerotic plaque was determined in HE and oil red O stained aortic slice. The expressions of macrophage and MMP-9 in the aortic plaque were detected by immune fluorescence and immunohistochemistry staining method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Similarly as atorvastatin, astragali radix extract significantly decreased the level of serum oxLDL in ApoE-/-1 mice in a dose-dependent manner. The level of oxLDL in the high-dose astragali radix extract group [(5.2±6.1) µg/ml] was significantly lower than that in the control group [(15.8±5.4) µg/ml, P<0.01]. The area of atherosclerosis plaques was smaller (17.24%±4.22% vs. 49.87%±9.37%, P<0.01) and the penetration degree of plaques in the arterial wall was relieved in the high-dose astragali radix extract group compared to those in the control group (P<0.01). The expressions of Mac3 in atherosclerosis plaques of the high-dose astragali radix extract group was also significantly lower than in the control group (P<0.01). The mean absorbance value of the expression of MMP-9 in the high-dose astragali radix extract group (0.0154±0.0014)was significantly lower than that in the control group (0.0263±0.0065) (P<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Similar as atorvastatin, astragali radix extract can dose-dependently inhibit the expression of MMP-9 and the formation of the atherosclerotic plaque in ApoE-/- mouse, probably by reducing the serum oxLDL, inhibiting macrophage infiltration, migration and secretion of MMP-9.</p>

Pathogenic bacteria distribution and drug susceptibility in children with acute otitis media in Pearl River Delta / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the pathogenic bacteria distribution and drug susceptibility in children with acute otitis media (AOM) in different age and different season in the Pearl River Delta region.@*METHOD@#Four hundred and forty-two children diagnosed as AOM were divided into three groups by age factor and four groups by season factor. Midge ear pus collecting and culturing were used for bacteria and antimicrobial susceptibility test.@*RESULT@#(1) Strains of bacteria were isolated from 356 children with the positive rate of 80.5%. Streptococcus pneumoniae (39.2%), staphylococcus aureus (25.9%) and haemophilus influenzae (7.4%) were the most frequently isolated pathogens. (2) Streptococcus pneumoniae was the main pathogenic bacteria in 0-1 year group and > 1-3 years group (P 3 years group (P 0.05). Staphylococcus aureus was the main pathogen in January-March group (P < 0.05); (4) Drug sensitivity shown that linezolid and ofloxacin were most sensitive to streptococcus pneumoniae and staphylococcus aureus, and macrolides had a good therapy effect to haemophilus influenzae.@*CONCLUSION@#The pathogens distribution and drug susceptibility in children with AOM were varies in different age and different season. As a result, a treatment should be done based on the climate, environment, and pathogens distribution of a region.

Antegrade-retrograde via flexible cystoscopy endoscopic urethrotomy with a cold knife for treatment of obliterative urethral stricture: An observation of clinical effectiveness / 第二军医大学学报

Objective: To observe the initial effectiveness of retrograde urethrotomy with a cold knife combined with the lucency via antegrade flexible cystoscopy in treatment of patients with obliterative urethral stricture. Methods: From September 2007 to April 2010, 8 patients with obliterative urethral stricture (0.8-2.0 cm in length) underwent antegrade-retrograde via flexible cystoscopy endoscopic urethrotomy with a cold knife: the initial effectiveness was observed. Results: All the 8 patients were successfully treated with antegrade-retrograde via flexible cystoscopy endoscopic urethrotomy with a cold knife. The operation time ranged 15-30 min, with a mean of 21 min. Urethral catheter (20-22F) was maintained for 4-6 weeks, and all the patients had passable urinary tract, with no urinary incompetence. The 8 patients were followed for 6-24 months (with a mean of 18 months). Three patients had no stricture recurrence and needed no further treatment. Four patients needed further intermittent urethral dilations(6-16 procedures, mean 12 procedures) to keep normal urination. One patient received a second endoscopic urethrotomy due to recurrent stricture 3 months after first treatment. Conclusion: The antegrade-retrograde urethrotomy via flexible cystoscopy with a cold knife can improve the successful rate of endoscopic surgery, with shorter operation time and satisfactory short-term outcome, but the long-term outcome needs to be further observed.

Efficacy and safety of long-term small-dose tadalafil in the treatment of erectile dysfunction / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Erectile dysfunction (ED) is now recognized as a comorbid condition, especially in men with cardiovascular disease or diabetes mellitus. This randomized controlled trial was to examine the effect of long-term small-dose tadalafil in the treatment of ED.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 98 men older than 18 years with at least a 6-month ED history were enlisted and divided into two groups to receive once-daily treatment with tadalafil at 5 mg (n = 60) and 20 mg (n = 38), respectively, for 12 months. The effects of medication were analyzed and compared using IIEF, Global Assessment Questionnaire (GAQ) and Sexual Encounter Profile (SEP), and so were the safety and tolerance of the two doses.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were no statistically significant differences in the therapeutical results between the 5 mg and 20 mg groups (P < 0.05). The IIEF-5 score was raised by 8.1 points in the former and 7.9 points in the latter; the YES answers to SEP2 in the two groups were 51.3% and 49.2% before the treatment and 82.6% and 84.9% after it. No serious adverse events were observed, except some common ones, such as rubeosis (11.9% vs 8.7%) and headache (5.3% vs 4.9%) in the 5 mg and 20 mg groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Oral tadalafil at 5 mg once daily is efficacious with good tolerance in the treatment of ED, and it can be an alternative to on-demand medication for some men to eliminate the inconvenience of planned intercourse within a limited timeframe.</p>

Prostate cancer cell line PC-3 conditioned medium promotes proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of prostate cancer cell line PC-3 conditioned medium (PC- 3-CM) on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow human basalis mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>hBMSCs were isolated and culture-expanded by density gradient centrifugation from normal volunteers. PC-3 cells were cultured till the time of logarithmic growth and then transferred to a fresh medium, which, after 24 hours of incubation, was collected as PC-3-CM. Passage 3 hBMSCs were cultured in the fresh medium alone (the control group) or that with 50% PC-3-CM (the experimental group), and the effect of PC-3-CM on the proliferation activity of the hBMSCs was detected by WST-8 assay. Based on the types of medium used, the hBMSCs were divided into Groups I (control), II (50% PC-3-CM), III (osteoblast inducer) and IV (osteoblast inducer containing 50% PC-3 CM). The effects of PC-3-CM on the osteoblastic differentiation of the hBMSCs were determined by ALP staining, ALP activity detection, Von Kossa staining, and calcium quantitation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>At 1, 3, 5 and 7 days of incubation, the absorbance values of the cells in the experimental group were 0.4370 +/- 0.0285, 0.7980 +/- 0.0213, 1.9090 +/- 0.0612 and 2.3023 +/- 0.0610, and those in the control group were 0.4060 +/- 0.0223, 0.6643 +/- 0.0075, 1.3727 +/- 0.0176 and 1.7947 +/- 0.0115, respectively, with significant differences between the two groups (P < 0.01) except on day 1 (P > 0.05). The positive rate and intensity of ALP staining were gradually increased in the four groups, with the ALP activities of 0.29 +/- 0.03, 1.30 +/- 0.03, 2.13 +/- 0.08, and 3.80 +/- 0.03, respectively (P < 0.01), and so was the intensity of Von Kossa staining, with the calcium depositions of 0.04 +/- 0.01, 0.44 +/- 0.05, 0.98 +/- 0.03, and 1.27 +/- 0.04, respectively (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>PC-3- CM can promote the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.</p>

Detecting phospho-signaling protein of bone marrow leukemia cells by phospho-signaling flow cytometry / 中国实验血液学杂志

The purpose of this study was to establish the phospho-specific flow cytometry (phospho-flow) to detect the phosphorylated signaling proteins of leukemia cells and to evaluate its useful value in leukemia study. The bone marrow of leukemia children was collected, and treated by phospho-flow of extracted mononuclear cells (MNC) and phospho-flow of directly fixed bone marrow (BM) respectively. In phospho-flow of extracted MNC, the MNC extracted from BM were fixed and permeabilized, then were cultured with P-AKT and P-ERK1/2, finally were analyzed by flow cytometry. In phospho-flow of directly fixed BM, the BM was treated with fixation/lysis buffer and 90% methanol, then were incubated with the surface CD antibody, P-AKT and P-ERK1/2, finally the treated BM cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. The results showed that the positive rates of P-AKT and P-ERK1/2 in MNC treated by phospho-flow of extracted MNC of 26 leukemia children were 46.2% and 30.8% respectively, while the positive rates of P-AKT and P-ERK1/2 in BM treated by phospho-flow of directly fixed BM were 50.0% and 38.5% respectively. The comparison of positive rates of P-AKT and P-ERK1/2 between the 2 treatment protocol showed no difference (p > 0.05). It is concluded that the phospho-flow of directly fixed BM established by our laboratory can be used to analyze the signaling proteins of leukemia cells.

Long-term efficacy and safety of tamsulosin hydrochloride for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia: data from China / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Tamsulosin hydrochloride can significantly improve benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) symptoms after the first dose and achieve long-term efficacy in European and American populations; however, the corresponding studies from China are rarely seen. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety of tamsulosin hydrochloride 0.2 mg once daily in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) suggestive of BPH in China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Chinese patients with LUTS suggestive of BPH were enrolled in a 4-week placebo run-in period and subsequent 60-week open-label study. Tamsulosin hydrochloride 0.2 mg was administered daily during the period of the study. The efficacy and safety parameters were evaluated at the end of treatment period I (0 - 12 weeks) and period II (13 - 60 weeks). The BPH patients were divided into tamsulosin monotherapy group and combination therapy group which received concomitant medication of finasteride 5 mg once daily after the evaluation at the end of treatment period I.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 113 patients were recruited to the study. Eighty-two patients received tamsulosin monotherapy and twenty-nine received combination therapy during the treatment period II. Tamsulosin hydrochloride produced a great improvement in mean maximum urinary flow rate (Q(max)) (1.7 ml/s, 3 ml/s) and a significant decrease in mean international prostate symptom score (IPSS) (4.1, 6.4) after 12-week and 60-week treatments, respectively. At the end of treatment period II, there were significant improvement in IPSS, quality of life (QOL) score, Q(max) and average flow rate (Q(ave)) for combination therapy group compared with the treatment period I (all P < 0.05). No serious adverse events (SAE) were recorded during the study.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Long-term tamsulosin hydrochloride therapy is a safe, effective and well-tolerated method for the treatment for LUTS suggestive of BPH in China.</p>

Establishment of androgen-independent human prostate cancer line LNCaP by gradual deprivation of hormone / 第二军医大学学报

Objective: To establish and identify androgen-independent human prostate cancer cell line LNCap by culturing LNCaP cells with gradual deprivation of hormone. Methods: LNCaP cells were cultured in the medium with gradual deprivation of hormone (treated by active carbon to simulate androgen deprivation) for 10 days; and then the cells were cultured with complete deprivation of androgen for 3 months till the cell entered the rapid proliferation phase again. The cell growth and expression of PSA and androgen were examined by CCK-8, immunfluorescence and RT-PCR methods. Results: LNCaP cells grew slowly after deprivation of hormone and took on a neuroendocrine phenotype and cluster growth pattern. After 3 months' non-androgen culture,the cells regained original morphology and growth. CCK-8 indicated that LNCaP cells could grow in non-androgen condition; immunofluorescence assay indicated that LNCaP-AI cells could regain PSA-secreting activity in non-androgen condition; and RT-PCR suggested that androgen was highly expressed in LNCaP-AI cells. Conclusion: Androgen-independent LNCaP cell line can be established by culturing with gradual deprivation of hormone for 3 months.

Postoperative diabetes insipidus after transsphenoidal resection of pituitary tumor / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the prevention and treatment of postoperative diabetes insipidus after removal of pituitary tumor through transsphenoidal operation, to decrease the incidence of postoperative complications and improve the treatment of pituitary tumor.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical data of 86 cases of transsphenoidal resection of pituitary tumor in recent 8 years were retrospectively reviewed, including 35 endoscopic operation and 51 microscopic operation. The incidence, prevention and treatment of diabetes insipidus were statistically analysed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were 18 cases of postoperative diabetes insipidus in total of 86 operations, including 15 acute cases, 3 delayed cases. Twelve were temporary , which recovered within 1 week. After prompt treatment, 14 recovered within 1 week, 4 recovered within 2 weeks. No persistent diabetes insipidus was found.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The key points to prevent postoperative diabetes insipidus lay in the improvement of operative skills, careful protection during operation and avoidance of unnecessary injury. In case of diabetes insipidus occurred, rational use of antidiuretics and correction of electrolyte balance were effective in the treatment of postoperative diabetes insipidus.</p>

Evaluation of a kinetic uricase method for serum uric acid assay by predicting background absorbance of uricase reaction solution with an integrated method / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

A patented kinetic uricase method was evaluated for serum uric acid assay. Initial absorbance of the reaction mixture before uricase action (A(0)) was obtained by correcting the absorbance at 293 nm measured before the addition of uricase solution, and background absorbance (A(b)) was predicted by an integrated method. Uric acid concentration in reaction solution was calculated from A, the difference between A(0) and A(b), using the absorptivity preset for uric acid. This kinetic uricase method exhibited CV<4.3% and recovery of 100%. Lipids, bilirubin, hemoglobin, ascorbic acid, reduced glutathione and xanthine <0.32 mmol/L in serum had no significant effects. A linearly responded to 1.2 to 37.5 micromol/L uric acid in reaction solution containing 15 microl serum. The slope of linear response was consistent with the absorptivity preset for uric acid while the intercept was consistent with that for serum alone. Uric acid concentrations in clinic sera by different uricase methods positively correlated to each other. By Bland-Altman analysis, this kinetic uricase method accorded with that by quantifying the total change of UV absorbance on the completion of uricase reaction. These results demonstrated that this kinetic uricase method is reliable for serum uric acid assay with enhanced resistance to both xanthine and other common errors, wider range of linear response and much lower cost.